إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُبَايِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا يُبَايِعُونَ اللَّهَ يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَمَنْ نَكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا يَنْكُثُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَوْفَى بِمَا عَاهَدَ عَلَيْهُ اللَّهَ فَسَيُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا ﴿۱۰﴾ سَيَقُولُ لَكَ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ شَغَلَتْنَا أَمْوَالُنَا وَأَهْلُونَا فَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَنَا يَقُولُونَ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ مَا لَيْسَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ قُلْ فَمَنْ يَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ ضَرًّا أَوْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ نَفْعًا بَلْ كَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا ﴿۱۱﴾

﴾10﴿ Innal lazeena yubaayi'oonaka innamaa yubaayi'oonal laaha yadul laahi fawqa aydeehim; faman nakasa fainnamaa yankusu 'alaa nafsihee wa man awfaa bimaa 'aahada 'alaihullaaha fasa yu'teehi ajran 'azeemaa
﴾11﴿ Sa yaqoolu lakal mukhal lafoona minal-A'raabi shaighalatnaaa amwaalunaa wa ahloonaa fastaghfir lanaa; yaqooloona bi alsinatihim maa laisa fee quloobihim; qul famany yamliku lakum minal laahi shai'an in araada bikum darran aw araada bikum naf'aa; bal kaanal laahu bimaa ta'maloona Khabeeraa

﴾10﴿ Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you are actually pledging allegiance to Allah. The hand of Allah is above their hands. So whoever breaks (the pledge) only breaks it to his own detriment, and whoever fulfills what he has committed to Allah, then soon He will grant him a great reward
﴾11﴿ Soon the laggards from among the desert dwellers will say to you, 'Our wealth and our families kept us occupied, so seek forgiveness for us.' They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say, 'Who can avert from you anything from Allah if He intends harm for you or intends benefit for you? Rather, Allah is ever Aware of what you do

[10] After establishing the Prophethood and explaining the purpose of the Prophethood, this verse brings glad tidings for his followers and encouragement toward jihad.
(إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُبَايِعُونَكَ) — this refers to the event of Bay‘at al-Riḍwān, which is explained in detail later in this Surah. This pledge of allegiance was made by the noble Companions with the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace).
Some pledged to fight to the death, some pledged not to flee, and others pledged to participate in jihad — this is how various narrations are reconciled.

(إِنَّمَا يُبَايِعُونَ اللَّهَ) — this is because every word and action of the Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and give him peace) is by the command of Allah the Exalted — (“He does not speak from desire”) — and this is like the verse: “Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah” (An-Nisa 4:80).

(يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ) — this implies that in the pledge, placing hands is a condition when pledging with men. However, with women, handshaking is prohibited, as mentioned in the hadith of A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her): “By Allah, the hand of the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) never touched the hand of any woman [unrelated to him]” — rather, the pledge of women was done verbally only.

As for (يَدُ اللَّهِ) — the apparent meaning of "hand" is intended here, and likewise "above" means elevated. However, it is without resemblance to creation, without interpretation, and without asking how — this is the belief of the righteous predecessors.
Those who interpret it metaphorically as help, support, protection, or power — all such interpretations are invalid, because they imply a denial of Allah’s attributes.
Moreover, the phrase also implies that the support and aid of Allah is greater than the effort and actions of the believers.
[11] From this verse up to verse 16, there are warnings directed at the hypocrites who stayed behind from this journey due to their fear of the Quraysh — even though the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) had clearly declared by both word and action that they had no intention of war.
His action was that he wore the iḥrām for ʿUmrah at Dhul-Ḥulayfah, and they brought sacrificial animals along with them — indicating a peaceful intention.
In these verses, ten evils of the hypocrites are mentioned — and in this verse, three of their faults are highlighted:
1. It is indicated that Allah the Exalted left them behind from accompanying the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) due to the hypocrisy in their hearts.
2. (شَغَلَتْنَا أَمْوَالُنَا وَأَهْلُونَا) — this is a false excuse they gave for staying behind from the ‘Umrah, saying that guarding their wealth and families was essential and that they had no representatives to manage their affairs, so they were forced to remain behind.
3. (قُلْ فَمَنْ يَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ) — the meaning is: your staying back from the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) to protect your wealth and families cannot bring you any real benefit or protection. In essence, their excuse is invalid, because Allah alone controls harm and benefit.