بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

ص وَالْقُرْآنِ ذِي الذِّكْرِ ﴿۱﴾ بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي عِزَّةٍ وَشِقَاقٍ ﴿۲﴾ كَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنْ قَرْنٍ فَنَادَوْا وَلَاتَ حِينَ مَنَاصٍ ﴿۳﴾

﴾1﴿ Saaad; wal-Qur-aani ziz zikr
﴾2﴿ Balil lazeena kafaroo fee 'izzatinw wa shiqaaq
﴾3﴿ Kam ahlaknaa min qablihim min qarnin fanaadaw wa laata heena manaas

﴾1﴿ Sad, Swear by the Quran, which contains guidance
﴾2﴿ Rather, the disbelievers are in arrogance and hostility
﴾3﴿ We destroyed many generations before them, and they cried out, but it was not the time for escape

Surah Sad

Sad

Relevancy: This surah is connected to the previous one in many ways. One way is that the previous surah mentioned the weakness and need of righteous servants, while this surah mentions the trials they face to indicate that they cannot become compulsory intercessors.
Claim of this surah: The proof of monotheism is presented through the mention of trials faced by the prophets and angels, along with the trial of Iblis. The claim of monotheism is stated in verses (65, 66), and these detailed trials are mentioned regarding three prophets: The first trial concerns an error in jurisprudential judgment, which is not considered a sin. The second trial involves forgetting to say "InshaAllah" (God willing), which is also not a sin. The third trial is physical and financial suffering as a test of patience, even though no sin was committed. These three prophets, peace be upon them, were discussed in the context of their connection to the Byzantine era. The first two were both kings as well as prophets, while the third was wealthy along with his prophetic status.
Summary of the surah: This surah is divided into three sections. The first section extends up to verse (81). In this section: The testimony of the Noble Quran and warnings are mentioned at the beginning. Rebukes are directed at the denial of four key objectives: Denial of monotheism (Tawhid), Denial of prophethood (Risalah), Denial of the Quran, Denial of resurrection after death (Ba‘th Ba‘dal-Mawt). Rebukes concerning the causes of denial are highlighted. For worldly warning, the destruction of past disbelieving nations is briefly mentioned.

interpretation

[1,2] (Sad) is one of the disjointed letters (Muqatta‘at), and scholars have mentioned thirteen interpretations regarding it. However, the preferred view is that its meaning is known only to Allah Almighty, and its great wisdom serves as proof and a reminder of the miraculous nature of the Noble Quran. "(Dhī al-Dhikr)" means that the Quran contains the explanation of monotheism (Tawhid) along with Allah’s commands and prohibitions. The meaning of "(ʿIzzah)" is considering oneself as possessing honor and, due to that, displaying arrogance against the truth. The meaning of "(Shiqāq)" is opposing the truth out of stubbornness and hostility.
[3] This worldly warning is directed at those who oppose the truth (Shiqāq). After the rebuke against them, the verse "(Fanādaw)" refers to their cries—either calling out in repentance and seeking forgiveness or crying out for help and assistance. The word "(Manāṣ)" has multiple meanings: Postponement of punishment, Attempting to escape, Seeking salvation (but finding none).