وَإِنْ جَاهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا وَصَاحِبْهُمَا فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعْرُوفًا وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ﴿۱۵﴾ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّهَا إِنْ تَكُ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ فَتَكُنْ فِي صَخْرَةٍ أَوْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ أَوْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَأْتِ بِهَا اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ ﴿۱۶﴾ يَا بُنَيَّ أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَانْهَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَكَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ ﴿۱۷﴾

﴾15﴿ Wa in jaahadaaka 'alaaa an tushrika bee maa laisa laka bihee 'ilmun falaa tuti'humaa wa saahib humaa fid dunyaa ma'roofanw wattabi' sabeela man anaaba ilayy; summa ilaiya marji'ukum fa unabbi'ukum bimaa kuntum ta'maloon
﴾16﴿ Ya bunaiya innahaaa in taku misqaala habbatim min khardalin fatakun fee sakhratin aw fis samaawaati aw fil ardi yaati bi Allah; innal laaha lateefun Khabeer
﴾17﴿ Yaa bunaiya aqimis-Salaata waamur bilma'roofi wanha 'anil munkari wasbir 'alaa maaa asaabaka inna zaalika min 'azmil umoor

﴾15﴿ And if they strive to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them, but accompany them in this world with kindness, and follow the way of those who turn to Me. Then to Me is your return, and I will inform you about what you used to do
﴾16﴿ O my dear son, indeed, if there is anything (good or bad), even as small as a mustard seed, and it is hidden in a rock, or in the heavens, or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Indeed, Allah is Subtle and All-Aware
﴾17﴿ O my dear son, establish prayer, enjoin what is right, forbid what is wrong, and be patient over whatever befalls you. Indeed, this is of the matters requiring determination

[15] This highlights the repulsiveness of polytheism after mentioning the rights of parents. It means that although honoring parents is an obligation, in the case of polytheism, the duty to obey them is nullified.
It is mentioned in a general hadith: “There is no obedience to any created being in disobedience to the Creator,” meaning no obedience to any creature is allowed in any sinful matter.
“Wa in jāhadāka” (And if they strive against you)—this indicates strong emphasis, meaning even if both mother and father unite in calling towards polytheism, and not only command it but actively exert effort and pressure, still, obedience to them is forbidden.
“Fī al-dunyā” (in the worldly life)—this refers to cooperating with them in worldly matters, provided that it is within the bounds of what is good (ma‘rūf), meaning it is not against Islamic teachings.
Good companionship (muṣāḥabah bi-l-ma‘rūf) means maintaining good character and gentleness with them, and this includes inviting them to the truth as well.
“Man anāba ilayya” (whoever turns to Me) refers to the sincere monotheist and follower of the Sunnah.
Note: Al-Khatib al-Sharbini has said that in this is a warning to the polytheist Quraysh, pointing out their error in blindly following their forefathers and abandoning the following of the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace).
Another benefit mentioned is that this encourages recognizing people by the truth.
“And the judgment regarding the evaluation of scholars and others is that they should be measured by the Book of Allah and the Sunnah. Whoever's actions conform to both, he may be followed; and whoever's actions contradict them, he should be avoided.”
[16] In this verse, a misconception is dispelled: if someone thinks, “If we hide sins such as polytheism, ungratefulness to parents, or obeying them in matters of shirk—will anyone know?”
The essence of the answer is that nothing—no deed or sin—can be hidden from Allah the Exalted.
[17] After discussing belief (i.e., refutation of polytheism), the verse turns to actions and character. In this verse, four deeds are mentioned.
"ʿAzm al-umūr" (firm matters)—"ʿAzm" here means "maʿzūm," referring to those actions that are obligated by Allah the Exalted. Those who carry them out are referred to as Ulul-ʿAzm (people of firm resolve).