وَإِذْ قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِابْنِهِ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُ يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ ﴿۱۳﴾ وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْنًا عَلَى وَهْنٍ وَفِصَالُهُ فِي عَامَيْنِ أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيْكَ إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ ﴿

﴾13﴿ Wa iz qaala luqmaanu libnihee wa huwa ya'izuhoo ya bunaiya laa tushrik billaah; innash shirka lazulmun 'azeem
﴾14﴿ Wa wassainal insaana bi waalidaihi hamalat hu ummuhoo wahnan 'alaa wahninw wa fisaaluhoo fee 'aamaini anishkur lee wa liwaalidaika ilaiyal maseer

﴾13﴿ And when Luqman said to his son, while advising him: O my dear son, do not associate partners with Allah. Indeed, associating partners with Allah is a great injustice
﴾14﴿ And We enjoined upon man [care] for his parents. His mother carried him, [increasing her] weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years. [We said], Be grateful to Me and to your parents; to Me is the [final] return

[13] This gratitude is of the first type: that a knowledgeable person removes doubts of polytheism and begins by reforming close relatives—especially correcting one’s own children along with instilling sound belief. This is great wisdom.
If his son was a polytheist, then this advice is to make him abandon polytheism. And if he was not a polytheist, then the advice serves to emphasize and affirm the belief in monotheism.
“Indeed, associating others with Allah is a great injustice”—this is because injustice is the misuse of something, placing it where it does not belong. In polytheism, the favors of Allah the Exalted are attributed to someone else—as in shirk (association) in control and management (shirk fi al-tasarruf).
In worship, it is a misplacement of the rights of Allah the Exalted—this is shirk in worship and supplication (shirk fi al-‘ibadah wa al-du‘a).
Affirming the attributes of Allah the Exalted for someone else, or likening His attributes to creation, or denying His names and attributes—this is shirk in names and attributes (shirk fi al-asma’ wa al-sifat).
Similarly, affirming Allah’s exclusive knowledge (such as knowledge of the unseen) for someone else is shirk in knowledge (shirk fi al-‘ilm).
For all these reasons, polytheism is a great injustice.
[14] Since it was mentioned that a father correcting his son is wisdom, now it is mentioned that likewise, showing kindness, service, and respect to one’s mother and father is also wisdom.
"Ḥamalat-hu" (she bore him)—this mentions the reason for the instruction, meaning the mother's right is greater due to the immense difficulty and hardship she endures.
"Wahnan ‘ala wahnin" (weakness upon weakness)—this points to her great weakness and suffering: the hardship of carrying the child during pregnancy and the difficulty of childbirth.
"Wa fiṣāluhu" (his weaning)—this refers to the hardship of raising and breastfeeding the child, as well as the effort of weaning.
"Fī ‘āmayn" (in two years)—as stated in Surah al-Baqarah (2:233), this indicates that the breastfeeding period is two years. This is the clear and correct opinion.