تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ 102 اَلٌبَقَرَة
وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ﴿۲۸۰﴾ وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ ﴿۲۸۱﴾ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ وَلْيَكْتُبْ بَيْنَكُمْ كَاتِبٌ بِالْعَدْلِ وَلَا يَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ فَلْيَكْتُبْ وَلْيُمْلِلِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ وَلَا يَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِيهًا أَوْ ضَعِيفًا أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْيُمْلِلْ وَلِيُّهُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ أَنْ تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى وَلَا يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا وَلَا تَسْأَمُوا أَنْ تَكْتُبُوهُ صَغِيرًا أَوْ كَبِيرًا إِلَى أَجَلِهِ ذَلِكُمْ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَأَدْنَى أَلَّا تَرْتَابُوا إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَةً تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكْتُبُوهَا وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ وَإِنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّهُ فُسُوقٌ بِكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ ﴿۲۸۲﴾
﴾280﴿Wa in kaana zoo 'usratin fanaziratun ilaa maisarah; wa an tasaddaqoo khairul lakum in kuntum ta'lamoon
﴾281﴿Wattaqoo yawman turja'oona feehi ilal laahi summa tuwaffaa kullu nafsim maa kasabat wa hum laa yuzlamoon
﴾282﴿ Yaa ayyuhal lazeena aamanoo izaa tadaayantum bidaiynin ilaa ajalimmusamman faktubooh; walyaktub bainakum kaatibum bil'adl; wa laa yaaba kaatibun ai yaktuba kamaa 'allamahul laah; falyaktub walyumlilil lazee 'alaihil haqqu walyattaqil laaha rabbahoo wa laa yabkhas minhu shai'aa; fa in kaanal lazee 'alaihil haqqu safeehan aw da'eefan aw laa yastatee'u ai yumilla huwa falyumlil waliyyuhoo bil'adl; wastash hidoo shaheedaini mir rijaalikum fa il lam yakoonaa rajulaini farajulunw wamra ataani mimman tardawna minash shuhadaaa'i an tadilla ihdaahumaa fatuzakkira ihdaahumal ukhraa; wa laa yaabash shuhadaaa'u izaa maadu'oo; wa laa tas'amooo an taktuboohu sagheeran awkabeeran ilaaa ajalih; zaalikum aqsatu 'indal laahi wa aqwamu lishshahaadati wa adnaaa allaa tartaabooo illaaa an takoona tijaaratan haadiratan tudeeroonahaa bainakum falaisa 'alaikum junaahun allaa taktuboohan; wa ashidooo izaa tabaaya'tum; wa laa yudaaarra kaatibunw wa laa shaheed; wa in taf'aloo fa innahoo fusooqum bikum; wattaqul laaha wa yu'allimu kumul laah; wallaahu bikulli shai'in 'Aleem
﴾280﴿And if it is (indebtedness) in need, then it is better to give time until it is easy, And giving as charity of that wealth is better if you know
﴾281﴿And be afraid of that day when you will be brought back to Allah, the Exalted, and then every one will be judged according to what it has done, and they will not be wronged
﴾282﴿O you who have believed: when you make a deal to lend until the appointed time, then write it down, and a fair writer among you should write it, and the writer should not deny that he writes as he was taught by Allah the Exalted, Therefore, he should write and express the one who owes him a debt and fear Allah, the Most High, who is his Lord, and he should not reduce anything from it, So, if he is in debt, he is unwise or incapable or unable to express it, so let his representative express it fairly, And take two men from yourselves as witnesses, if not, then two men, then one man and two women from those whom you are satisfied with their testimony (because of their religiousness) If one forgets, then let one teach the other, And don't deny the witnesses when they are asked to testify and don't hesitate to write it, whether the transaction is small or big, until its appointment, This (method) is much fairer in the sight of Allah, the Most High, and it is a good reminder of testimony, and it is closer to not doubting, Except if there is an immediate business transaction, you will get hands to hand, then there is no sin on you if you do not write it down and witness it when you do business, and not the author and nor the witness should be harmed, And if you do such a thing, then every trace of this great sin (sticks to you) and fear Allah, the Most High, and He will teach you and Allah, the Most High, is All-Knowing
[280] In this teaching, it is a good moral, that is, if the debtor is a stranger, then give him time until he finds the ability or forgive him the debt, this will be charity -
[281] This is the fear of the Hereafter, that is, if you want Allah Almighty to make transactions easy on the Day of Judgment, then make it easy for your creditors in this world -
[282] This is a Madaani verse - there are approximately twenty-five jurisprudential rulings in it, and this is a long verse in all the verses - aim is for this type of transactions so that no war will arise from it, and also accumulate wealth in a lawful way in order to spend it in the way of Allah, the Exalted - (إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ) (izaa tadaayantum) Debt transaction (loan) is of three types: first, taking the loan with usury, second, Salam (which gives you the money and the transaction is for a certain period of time), third, giving someone a good loan, in both of them, it is necessary to determine the deadline first - (بِالْعَدْلِ) (bil'adl) It is in this reference that the scribe must be a Muslim and a scholar of religion, (كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ) (kamaa 'allamahu) in this reference that the way of writing is also the favor of Allah Almighty and the knowledge of Sharia, (سَفِيهًا) (safeehan) a lack of understanding who spends his wealth unnecessarily - (أَوْ ضَعِيفًا) (aw da'eefan) That is, its body is weak, (أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ هُوَ) (aw laa yastatee'u ai yumilla huwa), it has no strength because it is dumb or does not understand the language (وَلِيُّهُ) (waliyyuhoo) What is meant by this independent lawyer is an interpreter, (مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ) (mimman tardawna) It refers to the justice and piety of the witnesses, (أَنْ تَضِلَّ) (an tadilla) in women is the lack of intelligence in the hadith of the Prophet, may God's prayers and peace be upon him, it is stated in this way, and if the intelligence of a person is low, then mistakes and forgetfulness will increase, so replace the two, A man has appeared, (وَأَدْنَى أَلَّا تَرْتَابُوا) (wa adnaaa allaa tartaabooo) It is indicated that the commands of this verse are obligatory when there is a danger of war (wala yayozaar), the meaning is that the writer and the witness should not be harmed because they want a high reward, so the form is known, Another meaning is that it is not harmed, it is used by force without pay, So the form is unknown -