وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ ﴿۱۹۰﴾ وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ كَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ ﴿۱۹۱﴾ فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ﴿۱۹۲﴾ وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَلَا عُدْوَانَ إِلَّا عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ ﴿۱۹۳﴾
﴾190﴿ Wa qaatiloo fee sabeelillaahil lazeena yuqaatiloonakum wa laa ta'tadooo; innal laaha laa yuhibbul mu'tadeen
﴾191﴿ Waqtuloohum haisu saqif tumoohum wa akhrijoohum min haisu akhrajookum; walfitnatu ashaddu minal qatl; wa laa tuqaatiloohum 'indal Masjidil Haraami hattaa yaqaatilookum feehi fa in qaatalookum faqtuloohum; kazaalika jazaaa'ul kaafireen
﴾192﴿ Fa ininn-tahaw fa innal laaha Ghafoorur Raheem
﴾193﴿ Wa qaatiloohum hatta laa takoona fitnatunw wa yakoonad deenu lillaahi fa-inin tahaw falaa 'udwaana illaa 'alaz zaalimeen
﴾190﴿ And fight in the way of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not love the transgressors.
﴾191﴿ And kill them wherever you find them, and expel them from where they expelled you. And disbelief is worse than killing. And do not fight them near the Sacred Mosque unless they fight you there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers.
﴾192﴿ But if they repent (from polythism), then indeed Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.
﴾193﴿ And fight them until there is no more power left for the disbelievers, and the religion of Allah prevails.
But if they desist (from fighting), then there is no hostility except against the wrongdoers.
[190] In this verse is the declaration of war and the obligation of fighting (qitāl).
“Those who fight you” refers either to the youth who are capable of combat or to the combatants (muḥāribīn), excluding non-combatants like dhimmis (protected non-Muslims).
“Do not transgress” means do not kill the elderly, women, or children, and do not act against the rules of Shariah in jihad.
“Indeed, Allah does not love”—loving or not loving is an attribute of Allah without any likeness or resemblance to creation, and without interpreting it merely as reward or punishment.
[191] In this verse, the etiquettes of combat and the objective of fighting are mentioned—that it is to kill and drive out the oppressors who expelled you.
Fitnah has two meanings: one is shirk (disbelief), meaning that shirk is a greater sin than killing.
The other is forcing a believer to abandon his faith, which is more severe for a believer than being killed.
This verse also includes the ruling regarding the Sacred Sanctuary (Ḥaram) of Mecca—that initiating warfare there is prohibited.
[192] In this is encouragement to repent, meaning that through repentance sins are forgiven and thus fighting also comes to an end.
[193] In this verse, the benefit of fighting is explained by the phrase “so that there is no more fitnah”—here, ḥattā means “for the purpose of.”
Fitnah here means forcing a believer to abandon his faith by compulsion.
“And the religion (of Allah prevails)” means that the religion of Islam becomes dominant over other religions.
In verse 39 of Surah al-Anfal, ḥattā indicates a limit, and fitnah there means shirk (associating partners with Allah).