تَبَارَكَ الَّذِيَُْ ْ 1430 نُوْح
إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَكَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ﴿۱﴾
﴾1﴿ Innaaa arsalnaa Noohan ilaa qawmihee an anzir qawmaka min qabli any yaatiyahum 'azaabun aleem
﴾1﴿ Indeed, We sent Nuh (peace be upon him) to his people, saying: Warn your people before a painful punishment comes upon them
Relevancy:
This Surah is related to the previous Surah in several ways. The first point is that previously the fear of the Hereafter was mentioned, whereas in this Surah, the fear of worldly punishment is highlighted. The second point is that in Surah Al-Mulk, the claim (of prophethood) and following the Messenger were mentioned along with warnings of punishment in the Hereafter; now, the method of inviting people (to Allah) is explained. The third point is that in Surah Al-Mulk, the Oneness of Allah (Tawhid) was established through rational proofs, followed by the affirmation of Prophethood and warnings of punishment in the Hereafter; now, evidence from textual authority, specifically through the example of Nuh (peace be upon him), is provided.
Claim of this surah:
It explains the method of inviting towards Allah and encourages calling people to Him, accompanied by a warning of worldly punishment, illustrated through the incident of Nuh (peace be upon him).
Summary of the surah:
Firstly, Nuh's (peace be upon him) call consists of three commands and mentions two benefits, thus forming five points in verses (1-4).
Secondly, the rejection by his people is presented in five ways in verses (6-7).
Thirdly, the method of invitation, considering timing and characteristics, is detailed through five aspects in verses (5) and (8-9).
Fourthly, encouragement toward Tawhid (through seeking forgiveness) is accompanied by the mention of five blessings in verses (10-12).
Fifthly, the affirmation of Tawhid is established through five rational proofs in verses (14-20).
Sixthly, his people's hostility toward him is described in five ways in verses (21-24).
Seventhly, his people are shown calling each other to worship five idols (besides Allah) in verse (23).
Eighthly, his supplication against his people (invoking curse) includes five points in verses (24, 26-28), with a description of worldly and hereafter punishment provided in verse (25).
Lastly, a prayer for forgiveness is made for five categories of people in verse (28).
[1] The first Messenger who explicitly refuted the polytheism of the idolaters was Nuh (peace be upon him). The command "أَنْذِرْ" (warn) refers to frightening them with punishment due to their denial of Tawhid (Oneness of Allah). Thus, the meaning of warning here is to invite them toward Tawhid while simultaneously cautioning them against punishment ("عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ"). This punishment encompasses both worldly and hereafter punishments, and its occurrence is conditional upon their rejection (of Tawhid).