بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ الْمَلِكِ الْقُدُّوسِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ ﴿۱﴾

﴾1﴿ Yusabbihu lilaahi maa fis samaawaati wa maa fil ardil Malikil Quddoosil 'Azeezil Hakeem

﴾1﴿ All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Allah. He is the Sovereign, the Most Pure, the Almighty, the Most Wise

Surah Al Jumu'ah

Friday

Relevancy: This surah corresponds to the previous surah in several aspects. First Aspect: In the previous surah, the deviation of the hearts of the Jews was mentioned, while in this surah, the consequences of their deviation are discussed. Second Aspect: The previous surah encouraged jihad, whereas this surah admonishes those who hinder jihad.
Claim of this surah: It is a refutation of three claims of the Jews, rejecting their association of partners with Allah in knowledge and authority. For this reason, the Most Beautiful Names (Asma’ul Husna) are mentioned.
Summary of the surah: Affirmation of Tawhid with Tasbih – The surah begins by glorifying Allah’s oneness. Truthfulness of the Messenger – Established in three verses. Refutation of Three Claims of the Jews: First Claim: They boasted, "We are the scholars, and you are the unlettered ones." The response is in verse (5), stating that a scholar without action is like a donkey carrying books. Second Claim: They prided themselves on being the friends of Allah. The reply is given in three verses, challenging them to invoke divine judgment (Mubahala). Third Claim: They glorified the Sabbath (Yawm as-Sabt). The response is given by highlighting the greatness of Friday (Yawm al-Jumu‘ah) through the khutbah and prayer. Afterward, the surah encourages seeking lawful sustenance after finishing the Friday prayer, emphasizing listening to the khutbah and abandoning trade and worldly affairs during prayer.

interpretation

[1] In this argument, Tawhid is affirmed through Tasbih, and in this specific expression of Tasbih, several points are indicated: Allah is the Sovereign (Malik): Therefore, for the reformation of His subjects (this Ummah), He sent the Final Messenger. He is Quddus (Most Pure): Meaning, no objection can be raised against Him—just as He likens scholars without action to donkeys carrying books. He is Aziz (Almighty): He does not fear the false claims of those who pretend to be His friends (i.e., the Jews’ claim of being Allah’s chosen ones). He is Hakim (Most Wise): In His wisdom, He designated Friday as the special day of worship, replacing the Jews' Sabbath.