بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ ﴿۱﴾

﴾1﴿ Sabbaha lillaahi maa fissamaawaati wa maa fil ardi wa Huwal 'Azeezul Hakeem

﴾1﴿ Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth glorifies Allah, and He alone is the Almighty, the All-Wise

Surah Al Hashr

The Gathering

And another name for that surah is Banu Nadir. Relevancy: This surah has several connections with the previous surah. The first connection is that in Surah Al-Mujadilah, there were warnings for the corrupt, while in this surah, there is a worldly threat. The second connection is that the previous surah mentioned those who oppose (Allah’s commands), while this surah mentions those who openly resist.
Claim of this surah: A worldly threat is given to those who resist Allah and His Messenger, exemplified by the case of Banu Nadir in verse (4). The mention of monotheism serves as a means of security from punishment through the mention of twenty-two of Allah’s Most Beautiful Names at the beginning and end of the surah.
Summary of the surah: This surah is divided into two sections. The first section extends to verse (14) and establishes the doctrine of monotheism through the mention of divine glorification to dispel misconceptions. If someone objects that expelling Banu Nadir was an act of oppression, the response is given that Allah is free from injustice. What He does is not to attain power, for He is already Almighty, nor is it without purpose, for He is All-Wise. Then, the punishment of Banu Nadir is mentioned in verse (2), followed by the mention of the Hereafter’s warning in verse (3). The reason for their punishment is explained in verse (4), which serves as the central claim of the surah. A response to a question is given in verse (5), followed by the ruling on the spoils of war (Fay’) and its three categories of allocation, discussed up to verse (10).

interpretation

[1] This establishes the doctrine of monotheism by mentioning divine glorification before the incident of Banu Nadir as a response to objections, as we summarized earlier.