قَالَ فَمَا خَطْبُكُمْ ْ 1329 الحديد
سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ ﴿۱﴾ لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ﴿۲﴾ هُوَ الْأَوَّلُ وَالْآخِرُ وَالظَّاهِرُ وَالْبَاطِنُ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ ﴿۳﴾
﴾1﴿ Sabbaha lillaahi maa fissamaawaati wal ard; wa Huwal 'Azeezul Hakeem
﴾2﴿ Lahoo mulkus samaawaati wal ard; yuhyee wa yumeet; wa Huwa 'alaa kulli shai'in Qadeer
﴾3﴿ Huwal Awwalu wal'Aakhiru waz Zaahiru wal Baatinu wa huwa bikulli shai'in Aleem
﴾1﴿ Everything in the heavens and the earth glorifies Allah, and He is the Almighty, the Wise
﴾2﴿ To Him alone belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth; He gives life and causes death, and He has power over all things
﴾3﴿ He is the First and the Last, the Manifest and the Hidden, and He has complete knowledge of everything
From this surah to Surah Al-Mulk, the themes are Medinan, focusing on jihad, spending in the way of Allah, warnings against hypocrites, and other reformative matters.
Relevancy:
This surah and the previous surah share several aspects. The first aspect is that in the previous surah, the issue of monotheism was mentioned twice, whereas in this surah, there is encouragement to spend wealth and use iron to propagate this concept. The second aspect is that in the previous surah, there was a command to glorify (Allah), whereas at the beginning of this surah, the glorification by creations is mentioned, as if this serves as the reason for the command to glorify.
Claim of this surah:
Encouragement to spend in the way of Allah is presented in five ways, along with encouragement for jihad and fighting for the sake of monotheism—the monotheism that has been established by mentioning eighteen of Allah’s Most Beautiful Names and His attributes.
Summary of the surah:
This surah is divided into two sections. The first section extends up to verse (25). In this section, monotheism is established by mentioning twenty-two of Allah’s names and attributes. Additionally, encouragement to spend in the way of Allah is presented in five ways: in verses (7) and (8-9) related to this matter, again in (10), again in (11) up to (19), again in (20) and (21), and once more in (22), and in (23-24) related to this theme.
[1] In this claim of monotheism, "glorification" is mentioned along with "Al-Aziz, Al-Hakim" as its proofs. The intended meaning of Tasbih (glorification) is verbal glorification, but it also includes glorification by state (Tasbih-e-Hali). The meaning of Tasbih is purification from associating partners, having offspring, disbelief, weakness, dependence, resemblance, and all forms of deficiencies.
[2] This is the second proof.
[4] This is another independent proof. The interpretation of this verse has been mentioned in Sahih Muslim and other sources. It is stated:
"Al-Awwal" (The First): "Falayysa Qablaka Shay’" – meaning, there is nothing before You; You existed before all beings, and You are the Giver of existence to the entire universe.
"Al-Akhir" (The Last): "Falayysa Ba‘daka Shay’" – meaning, everything ultimately perishes, but You remain after everything ceases to exist.
"Az-Zahir" (The Manifest): "Falayysa Fawqaka Shay’" – meaning, He is higher than everything; nothing is above Him, and His existence is evident through undeniable proofs.
"Al-Batin" (The Hidden): "Falayysa Dunaka Shay’" – meaning, in essence and reality, nothing is concealed from Him, and He has complete knowledge of the innermost aspects of all things.