إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا مُهِينًا ﴿۵۷﴾ وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ بِغَيْرِ مَا اكْتَسَبُوا فَقَدِ احْتَمَلُوا بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُبِينًا ﴿

﴾57﴿ Innal lazeena yu'zoonal laaha wa Rasoolahoo la'anahumul laahu fid dunyaa wal Aakhirati wa a'adda lahum 'azaabam muheenaa
﴾58﴿ Wallazeena yu'zoonal mu'mineena wal mu'minaati bighairi mak tasaboo faqadih tamaloo buhtaananw wa ismam mubeenaa

﴾57﴿ Indeed, those who offend Allah and His Messenger—Allah has cursed them in this world and the Hereafter and has prepared for them a humiliating punishment
﴾58﴿ And those who harm believing men and believing women without them having done anything wrong have certainly borne upon themselves a slander and a manifest sin

[57] This verse is a warning (takhwīf) about disrespecting Allah and His Messenger, following the command to honor them properly.
"Yu’dhūna" (those who harm Allah) — this refers to acts like:
Ascribing a son or partner to Him,
Attributing false descriptions like what the Jews said: “The hand of Allah is chained,” or “Allah is poor”,
Any form of shirk, Denying His attributes, or Comparing Him to creation, As well as disobeying His commands and prohibitions — all fall under harming Allah.
Harming the Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and give him peace) through speech includes:
Calling him a magician, soothsayer, poet, or madman, Comparing his attributes to Allah inappropriately, Or making objections and accusations against him.
Harming him through actions includes what happened during his life:
In Uḥud, his blessed face and teeth were injured,
In Makkah, intestines and filth of animals were thrown on him,
And he was subjected to various forms of humiliation and mistreatment.
Also included is opposing his Sunnah — for example:
Preferring the ways of other scholars, shaykhs, or elders over the Prophet’s tradition,
Or creating alternative practices to what he established.
All of this is considered harmful (īdhā') to the Messenger of Allah.
[58] This verse also contains a warning (takhwīf) — this time regarding harming the believing men and women.
Causing harm (īdhā) to the believers, whether through words or actions, is strictly forbidden (ḥarām).
Verbal harm (aqwāl) includes:
Insulting or cursing them,
Mocking or belittling,
Backbiting, slandering, or false accusations,
Shaming them based on lineage or background, and similar offenses.
Physical harm (af‘āl) includes:
Striking or abusing them,
Looking down on them,
Staring at believing women with desire,
Forcing them into immodesty or uncovering them, etc.
Imām al-Qurṭubī states: Harming Allah and His Messenger is disbelief (kufr),
Harming the believers is a major sin (kabīrah).
This verse contains a severe warning, especially against the Shī‘ah and Rāfiḍah sects, and those who speak ill of the Companions (ṣaḥābah).
They do so based on fabricated or weak historical reports, and falsely accuse the noble companions — which is a grave sin in the sight of Allah.