قَدْ أَفْلَحَْ 862 الفرقان
تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْفُرْقَانَ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ لِيَكُونَ لِلْعَالَمِينَ نَذِيرًا ﴿۱﴾
﴾1﴿ Tabaarakal lazee nazzalal Furqaana 'alaa 'abdihee li yakoona lil'aalameena nazeera
﴾1﴿ Blessed is the One who gradually sent down the Criterion (Furqan) upon His servant so that it may be a warning to the creatures
Relevancy:
This surah differs from Surah An-Nur in that Surah An-Nur mentions the distinction between monotheism and polytheism through examples, while this surah highlights the difference between the people of monotheism and the people of polytheism by describing the characteristics of both groups. Additionally, while Surah An-Nur prohibits the actions of the ignorant, this surah prohibits their false beliefs. Furthermore, since discernment (Furqan) comes with light (Nur), Furqan is mentioned after Nur for this reason.
Claim of this surah:
The refutation of polytheism in blessings is done by rejecting all forms of polytheism through rational and textual evidence, accompanied by warnings to the deniers. It challenges the deniers with arguments against the four main objectives: monotheism, the truthfulness of the Messenger, the truth of the Quran, and the affirmation of resurrection after death. Additionally, it contrasts the characteristics of the polytheists with those of the believers
Summary of the surah:
This surah is divided into four sections. The first section extends up to verse 10 and addresses the claims of the surah itself, presenting six rational arguments in its support. It then negates six attributes of false deities, serving as a rebuke to the polytheists. Following this, it rebukes the denial of the Quran through six points, and further rebukes the rejection of the Messenger, also through six points.
[1] The claim of this surah is a refutation of polytheism concerning blessings, and within it, three mentions of blessings (برکات) are made. The first refers to worldly blessings, the second to blessings of the Hereafter, and the third to spiritual blessings. The term تَبَارَكَ conveys two meanings: one is the permanence and constancy of blessings, and the other is the abundance of goodness and benefit.
In the first sense, it is intrinsic (لازمی), implying that Allah, the Exalted, is eternal and free from annihilation.
In the second sense, it is transitive (متعدی), meaning that Allah is the Giver of abundant goodness and benefits. He is the Creator of all blessings, imbuing them with effects and increase. Both these meanings are exclusive to Allah, the Exalted.
The Tafsir of Al-Qurtubi states that terms like متبارک or مبارک cannot be applied to Allah (with a ر at the end), because Allah's blessings are self-sufficient and not reliant on any external cause.
The phrase الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْفُرْقَانَ serves as the first rational argument, emphasizing that the revelation of the Quran itself is a source of immense blessing for all creation. The greatest blessing of the Quran lies in its role as the criterion (فرقان) distinguishing truth from falsehood.
The pronoun in لِيَكُونَ refers either to the servant (عبد) or the Quran (فرقان). The intended audience of عالمین includes all humans and jinn, which serves as evidence that this Prophet and this Book are final; no prophet or scripture will come after them.