وَمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ 491 هود
وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا أُولَئِكَ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ وَيَقُولُ الْأَشْهَادُ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ أَلَا لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ ﴿۱۸﴾ الَّذِينَ يَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَيَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًا وَهُمْ بِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ كَافِرُونَ ﴿۱۹﴾ أُولَئِكَ لَمْ يَكُونُوا مُعْجِزِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا كَانَ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءَ يُضَاعَفُ لَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مَا كَانُوا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ السَّمْعَ وَمَا كَانُوا يُبْصِرُونَ ﴿۲۰﴾
﴾18﴿ Wa man azlamu mimmanif taraa 'alal laahi kazibaa; ulaaa'ika yu'radoona 'alaa Rabbihim wa yaqoolul ashhaa duhaaa'ulaaa'il lazeena kazaboo 'alaa Rabbihim; alaa la'natul laahi alaz zaalimeen
﴾19﴿ Allazeena yasuddoona 'an sabeelil laahi wa yabghoonahaa 'iwajanw wa hum bil Aakhiratihum kaafiroon
﴾20﴿ Ulaaa'ika lam yakoonoo mu'jizeena fil ardi wa maa kaana lahum min doonil laahi min awliyaaa'; yudaa'afu lahumul 'azaab; maa kaanoo yastatee'oonas sam'a wa maa kaanoo yubsiroon
﴾18﴿ And who is more unjust than the one who fabricates a lie against Allah, the Exalted, These people will be presented before their Lord, and the witnesses will say, 'These are the ones who lied against their Lord. Behold, the curse of Allah, the Exalted, is upon the wrongdoers
﴾19﴿ This refers to those who hinder people from the path of Allah Almighty and seek to make it crooked, while they are disbelievers of the Hereafter
﴾20﴿ These people cannot be saved from the punishment of Allah Almighty anywhere on the earth, nor do they have any protectors besides Allah Almighty. Their punishment will be increased because they could not bear to hear the truth (i.e., they considered it bad) and they did not see the truth
[18] In this verse, there is a warning of the punishment of the Hereafter directed at the polytheists, and it is connected to (لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ) — they do not believe.
(افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا) refers to the lies they attributed to Allah — such as associating partners with Him, claiming He has a child, and denying the Prophet and the Qur’an.
(يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ) — this presentation before their Lord applies to all people, as mentioned in verse 48 of Surah Al-Kahf.
However, here the meaning is a presentation meant to disgrace and shame them.
(الْأَشْهَادُ) — these witnesses are mentioned in several verses: verse 41 of Surah An-Nisa, verse 89 of Surah An-Nahl, verse 24 of Surah An-Nur, verse 65 of Surah Ya-Sin, verse 20 of Surah Fussilat (حم سجده), verse 21 of Surah Qaf, and verse 143 of Surah Al-Baqarah.
(وَيَقُولُ الْأَشْهَادُ) — these witnesses include the angels, the prophets, the monotheists of this ummah, and even the body parts of the disbelievers — that’s why the word is used in the plural.
(كَذَبُوا عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ) — meaning they committed shirk and falsely claimed that Allah allows such beliefs or practices.
[19] In this verse, three characteristics of the wrongdoers are mentioned.
(يَصُدُّونَ) — indicates that these disbelievers are transgressors who actively hinder others.
(سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ) — refers to Tawhid, the Qur’an, and the Sunnah.
(وَيَبْغُونَهَا) — the pronoun refers back to the path (سبیل), which can be treated as either masculine or feminine in Arabic grammar.
(عِوَجًا) — means they seek to cast doubt into people’s hearts about Tawhid.
In (يَبْغُونَهَا), the indication is that the path of Allah has no crookedness — it is straight and clear — but the wrongdoers attempt to create crookedness in it, so that people turn away from it.
This is similarly mentioned in verse 45 of Surah Al-A'raf and verse 99 of Surah Aal Imran.
[20] This warning of punishment in the Hereafter is directed at the deniers.
(مُعْجِزِينَ) — can be understood in two ways: intransitively, meaning escaping or being beyond reach, i.e., they cannot escape Allah’s punishment; or transitively, meaning incapable of preventing, i.e., they cannot render Allah unable to punish them.
(مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءَ) — refers to their false gods whom they considered as intercessors, as mentioned earlier in Surah Yunus.
(يُضَاعَفُ) — the punishment will be multiplied for them.
This multiplication is either because many forms of disbelief and shirk are combined in them, or because they were both misguided themselves and also led others astray.