وَإِذَا مَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَذِهِ إِيمَانًا فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا وَهُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ ﴿۱۲۴﴾ وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ فَزَادَتْهُمْ رِجْسًا إِلَى رِجْسِهِمْ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ ﴿۱۲۵﴾ أَوَلَا يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُمْ يُفْتَنُونَ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ مَرَّةً أَوْ مَرَّتَيْنِ ثُمَّ لَا يَتُوبُونَ وَلَا هُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ ﴿۱۲۶﴾

﴾124﴿ Wa izaa maaa unzilat Sooratun faminhum mai yaqoolu aiyukum zaadat hu haazihee eemaanaa; fa ammal lazeena aamanoo fazaadat hum eemaananw wa hum yastabshiroon
﴾125﴿ Wa ammal lazeena fee quloobihim maradun fazaadat hum rijsan ilaa rijsihim wa maatoo wa hum kaafiroon
﴾126﴿ A wa laa yarawna annahum yuftanoona fee kulli 'aamin marratan 'aw marrataini thumma laa yatooboona wa laa hum yazzakkaroon

﴾124﴿ And when a chapter (of the Qur'an) is revealed, some among them say, "Who among you has this chapter increased in faith?" As for those who have believed, it has indeed increased their faith, and they rejoice (at its revelation)
﴾125﴿ And as for those in whose hearts is a disease of hypocrisy, it increases them in filth upon filth, and they die while they are disbelievers
﴾126﴿ Do they not think that they are tested once or twice every year, yet they do not repent, nor do they take heed

[124] Since up to this point the detailed rulings of this surah have been mentioned—especially the matter of jihad—this verse contains a rebuke and reprimand of the hypocrites.
When the surah was revealed that included the issue of jihad, the hypocrites objected, saying: what benefit is there in revealing this surah?
So the response was that with the revelation of this surah, the faith of the believers increases, because they act upon it. (fa zādathum īmānan)
It is narrated from Mujahid that this verse is evidence that faith accepts increase—that is, faith grows, whether in the level of inner affirmation and certainty, or through actions.
[125] This describes the state of the hypocrites: when the command of fighting is revealed, the hypocrites oppose it and show laziness, so their filth increases.
This increase is also mentioned in verses 64 and 48 of Surah Al-Ma'idah, and in verse 82 of Surah Al-Isra.
The filth of hypocrisy is mentioned in verse 95 of this surah.
[126] This is a warning for the hypocrites: every year they are tested once or twice by the obligation of jihad, yet they do not repent from their hypocrisy—meaning, even though the cause for repentance exists, they still do not repent.
So this is the reason for the statement: “they die while they are disbelievers.”
"Marrah aw marratayn" means that battles would occur once or twice a year.
"Yazzakkarūn"—repentance relates to trials, and remembrance relates to hearing the Qur’an.