عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ لِمَ أَذِنْتَ لَهُمْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَاذِبِينَ ﴿۴۳﴾ لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ ﴿۴۴﴾ إِنَّمَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَارْتَابَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ فَهُمْ فِي رَيْبِهِمْ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ ﴿۴۵﴾

﴾43﴿ 'Afal laahu 'anka lima azinta lahum hattaa yatabai yana lakal lazeena sadaqoo wa ta'lamal kaazibeen
﴾44﴿ Laa yastaazinukal lazeena yu'minoona billaahi wal Yawmil Aakhiri ai yujaa hidoo bi amwaalihim wa anfusihim; wallaahu 'aleemum bilmut taqeen
﴾45﴿ Wa law araadul khurooja la-'addoo lahoo 'uddatanw wa laakin karihal laahum bi'aasahum fasabbatahum wa qeelaq 'udoo ma'al qaa'ideen

﴾43﴿ Allah Almighty has forgiven you. Why did you give them permission until it became clear to you who spoke the truth and you knew the liars
﴾44﴿ Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day do not ask for permission (to leave it) Rather than fighting with their wealth and their selfs, Allah Almighty knows best the righteous
﴾45﴿ It is only those who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day who ask your permission (to abandon Jihad) And their hearts have doubted, so they are confused because of doubt

[43] According to ‘Amr ibn Maymūn, this verse contains a gentle reproach directed at the Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and give him peace), because he had granted permission to some hypocrites to stay behind from jihad when they requested it. However, the Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and give him peace) was unaware of their lies.
Thus, there is no sin upon the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) in this matter.
Qadi ‘Iyad, in ash-Shifā, has said that this is not a reproach at all.
Benefit: This verse is a proof that the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) does not possess knowledge of the unseen.
[44] In this verse, the qualities of the believers are mentioned: they do not stay behind from jihad without a valid excuse, nor do they seek permission from the Prophet to remain behind.
Question: In verse 62 of Surah An-Nur, seeking permission (isti’dhān) is described as a trait of the believers, but here, not seeking permission is mentioned as a sign of belief—how can this be?
Answer: In that verse, isti’dhān refers to asking permission to leave the gathering of the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace), whereas in this Surah, the permission being referred to is about staying behind from jihad.
[45] In this verse, there is a warning directed at the hypocrites, and four of their evil traits are mentioned. Here, isti’dhān refers specifically to seeking permission to abandon jihad.
(wa irtābat) – This verb form indicates strong doubt, the kind that leads to denial, and it serves as the reason for their not believing (lā yu’minūn).
(yataraddadūn) – Meaning: they are in a state of confusion, unsure whether to side with the believers or with the disbelievers.