قَالَ الْمَلَأُ 377 الأنفال
يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿۱﴾ إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَإِذَا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُهُ زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ ﴿۲﴾
﴾1﴿ Yas'aloonaka 'anil anfaali qulil anfaalu lillaahi war Rasooli fattaqul laaha wa aslihoo zaata bainikum wa atee'ul laaha wa Rasoolahooo in kuntum mu'mineen
﴾2﴿ Innamal mu'minoonal lazeena izaa zukiral laahu wajilat quloobuhum wa izaa tuliyat 'alaihim Aayaatuhoo zaadat hum eemaananw wa 'alaa Rabbihim yatawakkaloon
﴾1﴿ They ask you about the spoils. Tell me. The spoils belong to Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah And strengthen the bond between you, and obey Allah and His Messenger, for you are believers
﴾2﴿ It is only that the believers are those whose hearts tremble when Allah is mentioned and when His verses are recited to them, they increase their faith and they submit themselves exclusively to their Lord
Relevancy: Of his Surah to the previous Surah is in that in the previous Surah there was encouragement to express the issue verbally, and in this Surah there is encouragement to fight to spread the issue of monotheism -
Claim of this surah:
There are two: The first is that you should not have your own choice in the spoils, but rather divide them according to the decree of Allah Almighty and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. - In verses (1) and (41), the second claim is an order to fight in the way of Allah -
Summary of the surah:
In this Surah, there are thirteen reasons for the first claim, thirteen rules for the second claim, thirteen words of monotheism, and thirteen beautiful names of Allah Almighty -
Summary of the surah in details:
There are two parts in this Surah. The first part has two chapters, and this is up to the forty-first verse. The first chapter is up to the nineteenth verse, In this first claim, there are five attributes of the believers, the Mujahideen. There are also the reasons for the first claim, and there is a law for fighting -
Note: This Surah describes the events of the Battle of Badr, which took place in the second year of Hijrah in the month of Ramadan. There were three hundred and thirteen companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and approximately (1,000) people who were infidels, In this battle, the believers achieved victory and acquired a lot of spoils, because there was no religious ruling regarding spoils beforehand, and for this reason, disagreement arose among the Aishat, In this battle, the believers achieved victory and acquired a lot of spoils, because there was no religious ruling regarding spoils beforehand, and for this reason, disagreement arose among them, There was a group that had fought, they said that this is our right, and the second group that stood behind the fighters, with the intention of helping them, said that there is our share as well, And the third group, who were protecting the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), also claimed a share. So Allah Almighty said in this first verse that it is not in your power to divide the spoils, so dispute save yourselves ftom dispute and divide according to the decree of Allah Almighty and His Messenger, and the details of this are given in the forty-first verse of this Surah -
(anil anfaali) (الْأَنْفَالِ) This is the plural of Nafl, and Nafl is said to be excessive, indicating that the goal of jihad is to elevate the Word of Allah Almighty, not to obtain booty, The second indication is that it is not permissible to create differences in voluntary (Nafl) matters - and there are five rules in this verse - (لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ) (lillaahi war Rasooli) That is, the ruling on booty is exclusive to Allah Almighty and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Allah Almighty commands and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, distributes it according to the command of Allah Almighty, And its division is not entrusted to another, (إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ) (in kuntum mu'mineen) It has been said to be very encouraging -
These verses mention the qualities of the Mujahideen, the first example of which is the Holy Companions. These are five qualities. The first three are of the heart, the fourth is physical worship, and the fifth is financial worship - Question: This verse states that hearts tremble at the remembrance of Allah Almighty, and in verse (28) of Surah Ra’d, it is stated that the heart is assured by the remembrance of Allah Almighty, So what is the correspondence between them? The answer is that the heart feels fear when the punishments of Allah Almighty are remembered, and the heart feels peace when the rewards of Allah Almighty are remembered, (زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا) (zaadat hum eemaananw) Ibn al-Qayyim has said in his book Al-Bada'i' al-Fawayid that faith is of two types. One is absolute faith, which is simply the certainty of the heart. In this, whether it is increased or decreased is a matter of dispute. The correct faith is that in which it is increased or decreased, And secondly, faith is bound by certainty and action, so the increase and decrease in it due to the increase in knowledge and the decrease in action is a matter of chance, but some interpret it as an increase and some interpret it as a strengthening, And this is also the case in verse (124) of Surah At-Tawbah, (يَتَوَكَّلُونَ) (yatawakkaloon) In Tawakkul, there is hope, seeking refuge, seeking needs, and desiring, all of which are specific to Allah Almighty (Ibn Kathir). All three of these are attributes of the heart, and the next two attributes are outward actions. this is obvious that in this verse, the second type of faith is meant -