يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿۱﴾ إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَإِذَا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُهُ زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ ﴿۲﴾

﴾1﴿ Yas'aloonaka 'anil anfaali qulil anfaalu lillaahi war Rasooli fattaqul laaha wa aslihoo zaata bainikum wa atee'ul laaha wa Rasoolahooo in kuntum mu'mineen
﴾2﴿ Innamal mu'minoonal lazeena izaa zukiral laahu wajilat quloobuhum wa izaa tuliyat 'alaihim Aayaatuhoo zaadat hum eemaananw wa 'alaa Rabbihim yatawakkaloon

﴾1﴿ They ask you about the spoils (of war). Say, “The spoils belong to Allah and the Messenger. So fear Allah, set things right among yourselves, and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you are believers.”
﴾2﴿ Indeed, the believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, their hearts tremble; and when His verses are recited to them, it increases them in faith; and upon their Lord, they rely alone.

Relevancy: Of This surah (chapter) is connected to the previous one, in which there was encouragement to proclaim the message verbally, while in this surah there is encouragement for fighting (striving) to spread the message of monotheism.
Claim of this surah: Certainly. Here is your previous translation, formatted with an HTML line break at the end of each sentence: There are two points:
First, do not decide regarding the spoils (of war) by yourselves; rather, distribute them according to the command of Allah and His Messenger (may Allah bless him and give him peace).
This is emphasized in verses 1 and 41.
The second point is the command to fight in the way of Allah.
Let me know if you want any other specific text reformatted this way.
Summary of the surah: In this surah, there are thirteen reasons for the first claim, thirteen rulings for the second claim, thirteen words of monotheism, and thirteen of the Most Beautiful Names (of Allah).
Summary of the surah in details: This surah has two parts. In the first part, there are two sections, up to verse forty-one. The first section is up to verse nineteen, and this contains the first claim. Then, there are five qualities of the believing fighters, followed by the reasons for the first claim, and one ruling about fighting.
Note: This surah describes the events of the Battle of Badr, which occurred in the second year of Hijrah, in the month of Ramadan.
There were three hundred and thirteen noble companions, and around one thousand disbelievers.
In this battle, the believers were granted victory and gained many spoils.
Since there was no previous legal ruling about the distribution of spoils, a disagreement arose among them.
One group, those who had fought, said, “This is our right.”
A second group, who had stayed behind the fighters to assist them, said, “We should also have a share.”
A third group, who were guarding the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace), also claimed a share.
So Allah Almighty stated in the first verse that the division of spoils is not up to you.
Therefore, resolve your disputes, and distribute according to the ruling of Allah and His Messenger.
The details of this are given in verse forty-one of this surah.

[1] (Al-Anfal) is the plural of nafl, which means an extra or additional thing.
This indicates that the true purpose of jihad is to raise the word of Allah—not to gain spoils.
Secondly, it indicates that it is not permissible to create disputes over extra (non-obligatory) matters.
And in this verse, there are five etiquettes.
(Lillahi wa-rasool) — meaning the ruling over spoils belongs exclusively to Allah and His Messenger (may Allah bless him and give him peace).
Allah commands, and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace) divides them by Allah’s command; this division is not assigned to anyone else.
(In kuntum mu’minīn) — the particle “in” is used here for emphasis or strong encouragement—or “in” can also mean “when” (i.e., “when you are believers”).
[2-3] In these verses, the qualities of the fighters in Allah’s cause (mujahideen) are mentioned—the first and foremost example being the noble companions (Sahabah).
These are five qualities: the first three are related to the heart, the fourth is a physical act of worship, and the fifth is a financial act of worship.
Question: In this verse, it is mentioned that hearts tremble at the remembrance of Allah, but in verse 28 of Surah Ra’d, it is stated that hearts find tranquility in the remembrance of Allah.
How are these two reconciled?
The answer is that hearts tremble when Allah’s punishments are mentioned, and hearts find tranquility when His rewards are mentioned.
“Zaadat-hum imanan” (It increases them in faith): Ibn Qayyim said in Bada’i’ al-Fawa’id that there are two types of faith (iman).
One is “absolute faith,” which is simply the certainty in the heart; about whether it increases or decreases, there is a difference of opinion, but the correct view is that it can increase and decrease.
The second is “qualified faith,” which is certainty together with acting upon it.
For this type, it is agreed that faith increases or decreases depending on the increase of knowledge or the decrease of deeds.
Some scholars refer to this as “increase,” others as “strengthening.”
Similarly, in verse 124 of Surah Tawbah, this is indicated.
“Yatawakkaloon”—In trust (tawakkul), hope, seeking refuge, seeking needs, and desiring—all are included, and all of these are specific to Allah alone (Ibn Kathir).
These first three qualities are of the heart, and the next two are outward actions.
Apparently, in this verse, the second type of faith is what is meant.