وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَا تَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَقُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ ﴿83﴾ وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ لَا تَسْفِكُونَ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَلَا تُخْرِجُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ ﴿84﴾ ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَتُخْرِجُونَ فَرِيقًا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ تَظَاهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَإِنْ يَأْتُوكُمْ أُسَارَى تُفَادُوهُمْ وَهُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ إِخْرَاجُهُمْ أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَى أَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ﴿85﴾

﴾83﴿ Wa iz akhaznaa meesaaqa Baneee Israaa'eela laa ta'budoona illal laaha wa bil waalidaini ihsaananw wa zil qurbaa walyataamaa walmasaakeeni wa qooloo linnaasi husnanw wa aqeemus salaata wa aatuzZakaata summa tawallaitum illaa qaleelam minkum wa antum mu'ridoon
﴾84﴿ Wa iz akhaznaa meesaa qakum laa tasfikoona dimaaa'akum wa laa tukhrijoona anfusakum min diyaarikum summa aqrartum wa antum tashhadoon
﴾85﴿ Summa antum haaa'ulaaa'i taqtuloona anfusakum wa tukhrijoona fareeqam minkum min diyaarihim tazaaharoona 'alaihim bil ismi wal'udwaani wa iny yaatookum usaaraa tufaadoohum wahuwa muharramun 'alaikum ikhraajuhum; afatu' mi-noona biba'dil Kitaabi wa takfuroona biba'd; famaa jazaaa'u mai yaf'alu zaalika minkum illaa khizyun fil hayaatid-dunyaa wa yawmal qiyaamati yuraddoona ilaaa ashaddil 'azaab; wa mal laahu bighaafilin 'ammaa ta'maloon

﴾83﴿ And when We took a firm covenant from the Children of Israel: that you shall not worship anyone except Allah, and do good to parents, relatives, orphans, and the needy, and speak kindly to people, and establish prayer, and give zakat (charity). Then you turned away—except for a few of you—and you are always turning away.
﴾84﴿ And when We took a firm covenant from you: that you shall not shed one another’s blood (unjustly), nor expel one another from your homes. Then you affirmed it and you yourselves bore witness.
﴾85﴿ Yet you are the very people who kill one another and expel a group from among yourselves from their homes—helping one another against them in sin and transgression. And if they come to you as captives, you ransom them—while their expulsion was forbidden to you in the first place. Do you then believe in part of the Book and disbelieve in another part? Then what is the reward for those among you who do such things except disgrace in the worldly life, and on the Day of Judgment, they will be turned back to the severest punishment? And Allah is not unaware of what you do.

[83] From this verse up to verse 86, the third address begins, mentioning the other corruptions of the Children of Israel—specifically, violations of four commands and the commission of four prohibitions, with the passage concluding with a warning about the Hereafter. (Lā taʿbudūna) – This is a statement of the covenant (mithāq), and although it is in the form of negation, it carries the meaning of a prohibition (i.e., "Do not worship..."). (Wa bil-wālidayn) – The first right is Allah’s alone, and among human beings, the first right belongs to one’s parents. (Tawallaytum) – “You turned away” means you abandoned acting upon these commands. (Wa antum muʿriḍūn) – indicates that turning away had become their habitual behavior. (Iḥsānan) – refers to speaking the truth to parents and treating them kindly with a gentle tone, and spending on them when needed. (Ḥusnan) – refers to words that are beautiful according to Sharīʿah—that is, words of truth, goodness, and kindness. In this verse, one prohibited act is mentioned: shirk in worship, and four positive commands are emphasized:
Worship only Allah,
Be good to parents,
Be good to relatives, orphans, and the needy,
Speak kindly to others.
[84] This is another covenant, concerning the prohibition of oppressing others (ʿibād), and it includes two forbidden actions:
Shedding blood unjustly (safk al-dimāʾ) – meaning unlawful killings.
Evicting others from their homes by oppression.
(Tashhadūn) – “You bear witness” means you had full knowledge and understanding of this covenant; here, shahādah (witnessing) implies awareness and acknowledgment.
[85] This verse mentions three ways in which they broke the previous covenant: Killing one another, Expelling people from their homes, Helping one another in sin and oppression. (Wa in yaʾtūkum usārā tufādūhum) – refers to the incident where the Jews of Banū Qurayẓah supported the Aws tribe, and the Jews of Banū Naḍīr supported the Khazraj tribe. They would fight each other alongside their respective allies, killing members of the opposing Jewish tribes and driving them out of their homes. But when one of their own was captured by the opposing tribe, they would ransom them, claiming that it was a ruling from the Torah. When the idol-worshiping Arabs questioned them: “Why do you ransom your enemies?” they would reply, “It’s a command in the Torah.” But when asked, “Then why do you kill them and help drive them out of their homes?” they would say, “That’s just tribal politics.” So they believed in some parts of the Book and rejected other parts. (Tazāharūna) – indicates a fourth prohibition: helping in injustice, which was also part of the covenant they broke. (Wa huwa muḥarramun ʿalaykum ikhrājuhum) – expelling them was itself prohibited, so killing them was even more severely forbidden. Here, only expulsion is mentioned, either: because it is understood that killing is even worse, or because expulsion is more humiliating, as a person lives in shame until death, whereas with killing, their suffering ends. (Khizy) – refers to disgrace and humiliation, and this includes being subjected to jizyah, exile, and public shame.