بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِمَا جَاءَكُمْ مِنَ الْحَقِّ يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَنْ تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَادًا فِي سَبِيلِي وَابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِي تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُمْ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْهُ مِنْكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ ﴿۱﴾

﴾1﴿ Yaa ayyuhal lazeena aamanoo laa tattakhizoo 'aduwwee wa 'aduwaakum awliyaaa'a tulqoona ilaihim bilmawaddati wa qad kafaroo bima jaaa'akum minal haqq, yukhrijoonar Rasoola wa iyyaakum an tu'minoo billaahi rabbikum in kuntum kharajtum jihaadan fee sabeelee wabtighaaa'a mardaatee; tusirroona ilaihim bilma waddati wa ana a'alamu bimaaa akhfaitum wa maaa a'lantum; wa many yaf'alhu minkum faqad dalla sawaaa'as sabeel

﴾1﴿ O you who have believed! Do not take My enemy and your enemy as friends, offering them affection while they have disbelieved in the truth that has come to you. They have driven out the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, and you, simply because you have believed in Allah, your Lord. If you have come forth (from your homeland) striving in My path and seeking My pleasure, you should not secretly send them affection. And I know well what you conceal and what you reveal. And whoever does this among you has certainly strayed from the right path

Surah Al Mumtahanah

The Woman to be examined

The diacritical marks, both above and below, are fixed, and its other names are Surah Al-Mawaddah, Surah Al-Mar'ah, and Surah Al-Imtihan. Relevancy: This surah differs from the previous one in several aspects. The first aspect is that in the previous surah, there was a worldly warning for the opponents, whereas in this surah, the believers are commanded to disassociate from them. The second aspect is that the previous surah mentioned the categories of believers, while this surah discusses the categories of disbelievers.
Claim of this surah: The prohibition of befriending disbelievers is mentioned in (14:1), and eleven of Allah’s Beautiful Names (Asma' al-Husna) are mentioned for divine knowledge.
Summary of the surah: This surah is divided into two sections. The first section extends up to verse (7), in which believers are prohibited from befriending disbelievers by mentioning seven reasons in (1-2). In verse (3), a response to an excuse is given, and there is encouragement to disassociate from them. It also includes the example of Ibrahim (peace be upon him) and his followers in their disassociation, as well as in their supplications.

interpretation

[1] In this section, believers are prohibited from befriending disbelievers, and for this, four reasons related to their enmity toward believers are mentioned. Additionally, three qualities of believers are highlighted: faith (īmān), striving in the way of Allah (jihād), and seeking the pleasure of Allah (ṭalab riḍā’ Allāh). These qualities themselves prevent befriending disbelievers. The term (أَوْلِيَاءَ) "awliyā’" implies three levels of allegiance: First level – Accompanying disbelievers in their beliefs and engaging in disbelief and polytheism with them. This constitutes outright disbelief (kufr). Second level – Assisting them financially or physically in their acts of disbelief, even without personally engaging in kufr and shirk. This is still considered a major sin (kabīrah). Third level – Honoring and elevating them, considering them superior, standing in their respect, and other forms of excessive reverence. This too is a sin. All these levels of allegiance are included in the prohibition mentioned in this surah. "(تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ)" – "You express affection toward them." Imam Al-Qurtubi explains that the term "mawaddah" (affection) here refers to an outward attachment due to external reasons. This is because the heart of Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah (RA), about whom this verse was revealed, was free from any true love for them. This is evidenced by the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "As for your companion (Hatib), he has spoken the truth." Regarding the phrase "(وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْهُ مِنْكُمْ)" – "And whoever among you does this," The future tense (يفعل – "does this") is used to indicate that if someone commits this action in the future, they will be misguided. However, this does not mean that Hatib (May Allah be pleased with him) was misguided or sinful. Imam Al-Qurtubi clarifies that this warning is similar to a friend advising another out of concern, rather than an outright condemnation. This ultimately highlights the virtue and honor of Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah (May Allah be pleased with him).