وَلَوْ نَشَاءُ لَأَرَيْنَاكَهُمْ فَلَعَرَفْتَهُمْ بِسِيمَاهُمْ وَلَتَعْرِفَنَّهُمْ فِي لَحْنِ الْقَوْلِ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَعْمَالَكُمْ ﴿۳۰﴾ وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ حَتَّى نَعْلَمَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّابِرِينَ وَنَبْلُوَ أَخْبَارَكُمْ ﴿۳۱﴾ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَشَاقُّوا الرَّسُولَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْهُدَى لَنْ يَضُرُّوا اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَسَيُحْبِطُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ ﴿۳۲﴾

﴾30﴿ Wa law nashaaa'u la-arainaakahum fala 'araftahum bi seemaahum; wa lata'rifan nahum fee lahnil qawl; wallaahu ya'lamu a'maalakum
﴾31﴿ Wa lanabluwannakum hattaa na'lamal mujaahideena minkum wassaabireena wa nabluwa akhbaarakum
﴾32﴿ Innal lazeena kafaroo wa saddoo 'an sabeelil laahi wa shaaaqqur Rasoola min ba'di maa tabaiyana lahumul hudaa lany yadurrul laaha shai'anw wa sa yuhbitu a'maalahum

﴾30﴿ And if We wish to show them to you, then surely you would recognize them by their marks. And surely, you now recognize them by their tone of speech. And Allah, the Exalted, knows your deeds
﴾31﴿ And surely, We will test you until We distinguish those who strive among you and those who are patient, and We will reveal the true nature of your affairs
﴾32﴿ Surely, those who disbelieve and hinder people from the path of Allah and oppose the Messenger after guidance has been made clear to them can never harm Allah in any way, and He will surely render their deeds worthless

[30] Since some signs and traits of the hypocrites were mentioned and all of them were explained, this verse states (لَأَرَيْنَاكَهُمْ) — meaning: "We would certainly show them to you," referring to showing all their signs.
(وَلَتَعْرِفَنَّهُمْ فِي لَحْنِ الْقَوْلِ) — this refers to a specific sign, meaning: you will surely recognize them by their tone of speech.

Question: Does this statement indicate that the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) knew all the hypocrites? But from verse 101 of Surah At-Tawbah, it is clearly understood that he did not know all of them?
Answer: The answer has been mentioned by Ibn Kathir in his commentary on Surah At-Tawbah. Its summary is that this is from the category of intuition (i.e., recognizing by signs), and it does not necessarily mean that he knew each and every hypocrite specifically and clearly. The conclusion is that they could be recognized by their tone of speech, but not every hypocrite always used such a tone — therefore, full knowledge of all of them was not attained.
Question: In the hadith of Musnad Ahmad, it is stated that the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) on Friday called out each hypocrite by name and expelled them from the mosque, mentioning thirty-six individuals — doesn’t this prove he knew all the hypocrites?
Answer: This shows that the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) recognized some of the hypocrites, not all of them.
(وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَعْمَالَكُمْ) — means: Allah alone has full knowledge of all your outward and inward deeds. This proves that even the Prophet did not have knowledge of all the deeds of creation.
[31] In the previous verse, one sign for recognizing the hypocrites was mentioned. In this verse, another method for distinguishing and recognizing them is mentioned — that is, through trials: either by afflictions, acts of worship, or the obligation of jihad.
Allah the Exalted tests in order to reveal the truth, and that is why the phrase "حَتَّى نَعْلَمَ" is used — the intended meaning of "knowledge" here is the knowledge of manifestation and distinction.
(وَنَبْلُوَ أَخْبَارَكُمْ) — "Akhbaar" here refers to inner states, such as sincerity or hypocrisy. Jihad and patience are outward actions, while sincerity and hypocrisy are inner actions — and all of these become manifest through trials.
[32] In this verse, there is a warning directed at all hypocrites and disbelievers, and five of their states are mentioned.
(وَشَاقُّوا الرَّسُولَ) — meaning: they oppose the Messenger and his Sunnah with hostility and resistance, by turning their path away from the path of the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) in another direction.
(وَسَيُحْبِطُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ) — this refers to the schemes and plots they carry out in enmity against the Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and give him peace).