بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ ﴿۱﴾ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَآمَنُوا بِمَا نُزِّلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ كَفَّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَ بَالَهُمْ ﴿۲﴾

﴾1﴿ Allazeena kafaroo wa saddoo'an sabeelil laahi adalla a'maalahum
﴾2﴿ Wallazeena aamanoo wa 'amilus saalihaati wa aamanoo bimaa nuzzila 'alaa Muhammadinw-wa huwal haqqu mir Rabbihim kaffara 'anhum saiyiaatihim wa aslaha baalahum

﴾1﴿ Those who disbelieve and turn people away from the path of Allah—He will render their deeds worthless
﴾2﴿ And those who believe and do righteous deeds, and believe in what has been revealed to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)—which is the truth from their Lord—Allah will remove their sins from them and improve their condition

Surah Muhammad

Muhammad

And its other name is Surah Al-Qital.
This surah, along with Surah Al-Fath and Al-Hujurat, forms the fourth and final section on the issue of combat and retribution.
Relevancy: This surah is connected to the previous one in several ways. The first connection is that the previous surah focused on invitation and preaching, while this surah commands fighting in the way of Allah. The second connection is that the previous surah ended with the destruction of the corrupt, and this surah begins by mentioning the reason for that destruction.
Claim of this surah: The command to fight in the way of Allah is mentioned in verse 4, followed by the description of eighteen conditions of the disbelievers, which serve as reasons for combat. Then, eighteen attributes of the believers are mentioned to encourage fighting, and eighteen characteristics of the hypocrites are listed, as these traits prevent them from engaging in battle. The declaration of monotheism, which is the ultimate goal of combat, is mentioned in verse 19.
Summary of the surah: This surah is divided into two sections. The first section extends until verse 19, where it details eighteen conditions of the polytheists and eighteen attributes of the believers in a comparative manner between the two groups. It also includes a warning about the nearness of the Day of Judgment in verse 18 and the declaration of monotheism in verse 19.

interpretation

In this verse, three conditions of the disbelievers are mentioned as a warning, and whoever possesses these traits is included in its meaning. "He has rendered their deeds worthless" refers to their good deeds that are accompanied by disbelief and polytheism, such as acts of worship, good morals, freeing prisoners, giving charity, maintaining family ties, hosting guests, and showing kindness to neighbors—all of which are rendered null and void.
In this verse, five conditions of the believers are mentioned as a glad tiding for them. "And they believe in what has been sent down to Muhammad" is stated because this surah primarily addresses this nation, and since the first two attributes already included believers, this one is specifically mentioned to clarify that the reference is to this Ummah. "And He has improved their condition"—the term bāl refers to their overall state and affairs, whether worldly or religious. The meaning of improving their condition is to grant them both worldly and spiritual benefits, saving them from loss.