إِلَيْهِ يُرَدََُّ ْ 1202 الدخان
حم ﴿۱﴾ وَالْكِتَابِ الْمُبِينِ ﴿۲﴾ إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُبَارَكَةٍ إِنَّا كُنَّا مُنْذِرِينَ ﴿۳﴾ فِيهَا يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ ﴿۴﴾
﴾1﴿ Haa Meeem
﴾2﴿ Wal Kitaabil Mubeen
﴾3﴿ Innaaa anzalnaahu fee lailatim mubaarakah; innaa kunnaa munzireen
﴾4﴿ Feehaa yufraqu kullu amrin hakeem
﴾1﴿ Haa Meeem
﴾2﴿ I swear by the clear Book
﴾3﴿ (It is a witness to this statement) that We sent down this Qur'an on a blessed night; indeed, We are ever warning
﴾4﴿ On that night, every matter of wisdom is decreed (in the Book of the Angels)
Relevancy:
This Surah is connected to the previous Surah in several ways.
First connection: The previous Surah refuted the arguments of the polytheists, whereas this Surah mentions the warning of worldly punishment.
Second connection: The previous Surah highlighted the disgrace of those who turned away from the Qur'an, whereas this Surah emphasizes the greatness and purpose of the Qur'an.
Third connection: The previous Surah mentioned Pharaoh's arrogance towards Musa (peace be upon him), whereas this Surah highlights the honor of Musa (peace be upon him) and the Children of Israel.
Claim of this surah:
The warning of worldly punishment for the deniers and those who turn away from the Qur'an is found in (verses 59, 110). Additionally, the greatness of the Qur'an and the majesty of Allah the Almighty, along with His names and attributes, are mentioned.
Summary of the surah:
In this Surah, there are two sections:
The first section (up to verse 40) discusses the truthfulness of the Qur'an and its purpose, which is the affirmation of Tawhid (Oneness of Allah) in His names and attributes.
This is followed by a worldly warning, mentioning the smoke (Dukhan) and the great seizure (Batshat al-Kubra).
The incident of Pharaoh serves as an example to support the Surah’s central theme.
Then, it mentions the blessings upon the Children of Israel.
Finally, there is a rebuke and a warning for those who deny resurrection after death.
[1,2] In this Surah, the same explanation is given as in the beginning of Surah Zukhruf regarding (الْمُبِينِ – "the clear").
In this Surah (Ad-Dukhan), the clarity (ابانت) is through the mention of punishments.
In Surah Zukhruf, the clarity (ابانت) was through reasoning, arguments, and refuting doubts.
[3] This is the response to the oath at the beginning of the Surah, meaning that the clarity (ابانت) and explicitness of the Qur'an serve as evidence that it is revealed from Allah. Additionally, the time of its revelation is blessed, and it is a complete book for warning.
(لَيْلَةٍ مُبَارَكَةٍ – the blessed night) refers to Laylat al-Qadr, as proven by Surah Al-Qadr.
Laylat al-Qadr occurs in Ramadan, as confirmed by Surah Al-Baqarah (2:185).
Numerous authentic hadiths affirm the virtue of Laylat al-Qadr, and its virtue is due to the revelation of the Qur'an.
Some commentators have interpreted (لَيْلَةٍ مُبَارَكَةٍ) as the 15th night of Sha’ban, citing several hadiths regarding its virtue. However, this opinion is incorrect and has been refuted by scholars:
Imam Al-Qurtubi, quoting Ibn Arabi, states that this opinion is false.
Ibn Kathir also criticizes this view, mentioning that those who say it refers to the 15th of Sha’ban (like what is narrated from Ikramah) have gone far from the truth (فَقَدْ أَبْعَدَ النُّجْعَةَ).
Furthermore, the hadiths regarding the virtue of the 15th of Sha’ban are not authentic, as there is no continuous (متصل) and authentic (صحیح مرفوع) narration on this matter.
The reason why the revelation of the Qur'an is specifically linked to this night is that it is the night when all wise matters are decreed (يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ). Since the revelation of the Qur'an is a decisive matter, it began on this night.
Regarding (يُفْرَقُ – "it is decreed"), all matters have already been preordained 50,000 years before the creation of the heavens, as proven by authentic hadiths. However, on Laylat al-Qadr, the details for one year are distinguished and entrusted to the angels. This separation (يُفْرَقُ) refers to the division and allocation of matters that occur on Laylat al-Qadr.