الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي آيَاتِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ سُلْطَانٍ أَتَاهُمْ كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَعِنْدَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كَذَلِكَ يَطْبَعُ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ قَلْبِ مُتَكَبِّرٍ جَبَّارٍ ﴿۳۵﴾ وَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ يَا هَامَانُ ابْنِ لِي صَرْحًا لَعَلِّي أَبْلُغُ الْأَسْبَابَ ﴿۳۶﴾ أَسْبَابَ السَّمَاوَاتِ فَأَطَّلِعَ إِلَى إِلَهِ مُوسَى وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّهُ كَاذِبًا وَكَذَلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِفِرْعَوْنَ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ وَصُدَّ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا كَيْدُ فِرْعَوْنَ إِلَّا فِي تَبَابٍ ﴿۳۷﴾ وَقَالَ الَّذِي آمَنَ يَا قَوْمِ اتَّبِعُونِ أَهْدِكُمْ سَبِيلَ الرَّشَادِ ﴿۳۸﴾

﴾35﴿ Allazeena yujaadiloona feee Aaayaatil laahi bighairi sultaanin ataahum kabura maqtan 'indal laahi wa 'indal lazeena aamanoo; kazaalika yatbahul laahu 'alaa kulli qalbi mutakabbirin jabbaar
﴾36﴿ Wa qaala Fir'awnu yaa Haamaanub-ni lee sarhal la'alleee ablughul asbaab
﴾37﴿ Asbaabas samaawaati faattali'a ilaaa ilaahi Moosaa wa innee la azunnuhoo kaazibaa; wa kazaalika zuyyina li-Fir'awna sooo'u 'amalihee wa sudda 'anis sabeel; wa maa kaidu Fir'awna illaa fee tabaab
﴾38﴿ Wa qaalal lazeee aamana yaa qawmit tabi'ooni ahdikum sabeelar rashaad

﴾35﴿ Those who dispute the signs of Allah, the Exalted, without any proof that has come to them—this is a great arrogance in the sight of Allah and in the sight of the believers. Thus, Allah sets a seal upon the heart of every arrogant tyrant
﴾36﴿ And Pharaoh said, O Haman, build for me a lofty tower so that I may reach the gateways
﴾37﴿ "The gateways of the heavens, so that I may look upon the God of Moses, peace be upon him; but indeed, I think he is a liar." And thus was the evil deed of Pharaoh made attractive to him, and he was hindered from the right path. And the scheme of Pharaoh was nothing but in ruin
﴾38﴿ And the one who had believed said, O my people, follow me, and I will guide you to the path of success

[35] This describes the increasing levels of their misguidance: first, there is doubt; then that doubt deepens into uncertainty (irtiyāb); then it becomes misguidance; and after that, they begin to argue against the truth.
(Upon every heart) — the word kull (every) is mentioned first for emphasis, indicating that not every arrogant person's heart is sealed, but when Allah does seal a heart, it encompasses the entire heart, completely locking it.
(Arrogant and tyrannical) — mutakabbir (arrogant) refers to violations of Allah’s rights, while jabbār (tyrant) refers to oppression in the rights of people.
[36] This is Pharaoh’s response, delivered in a deceptive manner, so that the words of the believing man (Rajul Mu’min) would not influence the people.
He outwardly tells the people: “I am the god on earth, and if the god of Mūsā (peace be upon him) exists, He must be in the heavens.”
So, to oppose Mūsā, he ordered Hāmān to construct means — a structure or path — supposedly to reach the heavens.
[37] This statement of Pharaoh is based on the false belief that Allah the Exalted is a physical being who resides in a high place, like worldly kings — and that such a being could be opposed. This belief itself is disbelief (kufr).
(And indeed, I think he is a liar) — this phrase is also part of his deception. The idea of building a tower, ascending to the heavens, and verifying the existence of Mūsā’s god was not a sincere effort, because Pharaoh already strongly assumed — or was certain — that Mūsā (peace be upon him) was lying, either about his Lord or about his prophethood.
(And the plot of Pharaoh was nothing but in ruin) — this answers the question: Did Pharaoh achieve any success through this scheme?
The answer: Whether he never built the tower, or he did and it was a waste of time and wealth — in any case, Allah the Exalted ruined his plan, and ultimately, Pharaoh and his people were drowned.
[38] This is the third part of the conversation of the believing man, continuing up to verse (40).
In it, he invites his people to follow him, discourages attachment to the world (tazhīd fī al-dunyā), and gives glad tidings of the Hereafter.
(I will guide you to the path of right guidance) — this is in direct response to Pharaoh’s statement in verse (29), where he claimed to show the way of guidance.
Here, the believing man clearly declares his own path and openly stands in opposition to Pharaoh.