وَقَارُونَ وَفِرْعَوْنَ وَهَامَانَ وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ مُوسَى بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا كَانُوا سَابِقِينَ ﴿۳۹﴾ فَكُلًّا أَخَذْنَا بِذَنْبِهِ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ حَاصِبًا وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَخَذَتْهُ الصَّيْحَةُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ خَسَفْنَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَغْرَقْنَا وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ ﴿۴۰﴾

﴾39﴿ Wa Qaaroona wa Fir'awna wa haamaana wa laqad jaaa'ahum Moosa bilbaiyinaati fastakbaroo fil ardi wa maa kaanoo saabiqeen
﴾40﴿ Fakullan akhaznaa bi zanbihee faminhum man arsalnaa 'alaihi haasibaa; wa minhum man akhazat hus saihatu wa minhum man khasafnaa bihil arda wa minhum man aghraqnaa; wa maa kaanal laahu li yazlimahum wa laakin kaanoo anfusahum yazlimoon

﴾39﴿ And we destroyed Qarun, Pharaoh, and Haman, and indeed Moses, peace be upon him, came to them with clear miracles. Yet they were arrogant in the land and were not among those who escaped punishment
﴾40﴿ So each of them we seized for their sins. Some of them were those upon whom we sent a storm of stones, some were those who were seized by a devastating sound, some were those whom we caused to sink into the earth, and some were those whom we drowned. And Allah did not wrong them, but they wronged themselves

[39] In this verse, a worldly warning is mentioned for other denying nations, and this also relates to the second claim of the surah — as indicated by the phrase "مَا كَانُوا سَابِقِينَ" (they could not escape).
Because of their power and wealth, the reason for their punishment is mentioned as their arrogance (استکبار).
[40] In this verse, four types of worldly punishment are mentioned for them:
(حَاصِبًا) — a wind-based punishment that rained down stones. This was the punishment of the people of ‘Ād and the people of Lut.
(الصَّيْحَةُ) — the scream. This was the punishment of the Thamud and the people of Madyan.
(خَسَفْنَا) — We caused the earth to sink. This was the punishment of Qarun.
(أَغْرَقْنَا) — We drowned them. This was the punishment of the people of Nuh, and also of Pharaoh, Haman, and their followers.
And the reason for all these punishments is stated as:
"(But they wronged themselves - وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ)" — because ẓulm (wrongdoing) here is general: it includes disbelief, shirk, the acts of the people of Lut, the acts of the people of Shu‘ayb, and the arrogance of Pharaoh’s people.