ذَلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ ﴿۵۱﴾ كَدَأْبِ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ فَأَخَذَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ﴿۵۲﴾ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَكُ مُغَيِّرًا نِعْمَةً أَنْعَمَهَا عَلَى قَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ﴿۵۳﴾

﴾51﴿ Zaalika bimaa qaddamat aideekum wa anal laaha laisa bizallaamil lil 'abeed
﴾52﴿ Kadaabi Aali Fir'awna wal lazeena min qablihim; kafaroo bi Aayaatil laahi fa akhazahu mul laahu bizunoobihim; innal laaha qawiyyun shadeedul 'iqaab
﴾53﴿ Zaalika bi annal laaha lam yakumu ghaiyiran ni'matan an'amahaa 'alaa qawmin hattaa yughaiyiroo maa bianfusihim wa annallaaha samee'un 'Aleem

﴾51﴿ This punishment is because of what your hands have done. Indeed, Allah is not unjust to His servants
﴾52﴿ Their condition is like the condition of the people of Pharaoh, and those before them disbelieved in the signs of Allah Almighty So Allah seized them because of their sins. Indeed, Allah is Mighty, Severe in punishment
﴾53﴿ This punishment is because Allah, the Exalted, will never change the favor He has bestowed upon a people until they change what is in their hearts. Indeed, Allah, the Exalted, is Hearing and Knowing of all things

[51] This verse points to the fact that there are two causes for punishment:
1. The evil actions of people themselves
2. The justice of Allah Most High
This same concept is mentioned in verse 182 of Surah Āl ‘Imrān.
(أَيْدِيكُمْ) — Literally means “your hands,” but it represents all the physical abilities of a person. However, since most actions are carried out with the hands, the term “hands” is specifically mentioned here. So, this verse serves as both a reminder of responsibility and a warning: people earn punishment through their own doing, and Allah enforces justice accordingly.
[52] In this verse, there is a comparison between the present disbelievers and those of the past. Their ways of disbelief are the same, just as their punishments—both worldly and in Barzakh—are also the same. (These punishments were previously mentioned in relation to the polytheists of Badr.) In the earlier verse, the large number of disbelievers was mentioned to highlight the ugliness and severity of their actions. But in this verse, the focus is on a detailed explanation of “مَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ”—the evil deeds their own hands sent forth. This reinforces that just as the former nations perished due to their actions, so too will the present-day disbelievers, because they follow the same path.
[53] This verse is a commentary on the phrase (لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ)—“Allah is not unjust to His servants”—and it explains the reason behind the punishment mentioned in the previous verse. It answers a possible question: If they were already disbelievers, why weren’t they punished earlier? The answer is: Kufr (disbelief) is indeed a corrupt state, but despite it, they enjoyed security and blessings. However, when a Prophet was sent to them and clear signs came, their disbelief intensified. So, Allah transformed their blessings into punishment. – The word (نِعْمَةً) here refers to the security and provision they enjoyed despite their disbelief. – The word (يُغَيِّرُوا) refers to either: Their rejection of the Prophet and the signs, or A general meaning: they altered the inner state of good (like peace, health, or faith) into evil. Thus, this verse hints that changing the religion of Allah and turning away from truth is a cause of divine punishment. (يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ) — means: – Changing good deeds into evil ones, or – Turning basic disbelief into even worse disbelief, which results in a change of condition—from peace to punishment. A similar principle is stated in verse 11 of Surah al-Ra‘d.